History

Adit 7^th grade

Week 6

Class 1 Thursday 27 february

Lecture Notes:

1.In 1788,Louis prepared to try reform and was hailed as a hero when he called the Estates General.

2.When many of its members formed the National Assembly in June 1789,Louis had little choice but to go along with it

3.The revolutionary leaders wanted to share power with him.

Week 9

Class 1,Tuesday 4 March 2014

Lecture Notes:

1.”The first day of Liberty”...National Convention called September 22,1792.

2.People had taken down the king and declared a Republic

3.In Louis' trial,he could have lawyers,but not call witness(compare with Charles l's trial)

4.The case was heard by the convention itself, not judges(why?)

5.Louis faced 33 charges including:-Bankrupting the nation

-Plotting against the revolutionary

-Trying to flee

-Accepting a constitution he despised

6.The terror is because of the mineset of the terrotory

7.Day of the Execution(20 January 1793):

-Afternoon with a priest Edgeworth

-7:00 pm allowed to see his family for the time since the death sentence was passed.

-8:30 pm dinner with a spoon:2chicken wings, veggies,2 glasses of wine,sponge cake,and Malaga wine for dessert

-9:30  last meeting with family

-10:15 pm leaves,promising to see him in the morning 8 am

8.As the king reached the Scaffold,he made himself ready by himself by taking off his coat and collar.

9.He silenced the 15-20 drummers with a glance and firmly shouted that he forgave the people that  sentenced him falsely to die.

10.After the execution,people run up  to dip their hankerchiefs in the royal blood

11.France was in crisis:war,economy,internal revolts

-Jacobins declaring terror on everybody

Week 10

Class 1 Tuesday 11 march

Lecture Notes:

1.Declaration of the rights of men

2.What the poor d to make him the hero?

3.Why was Austria ticked  of?

4.When was the work declared finish? What date?

5.When did the rain of terror start?

6.What were the rumors to discredit Marry Antonet?

7.What was the reason that the king and his family ran away?

8.Why was the French wanted to execute their king?The top 4

9.What was her necklace price?

10.How many were executed and how many was in the prison?

11.When and where were the king and his family was arrested?

12.What happen the night before? What did he eat? Why? Who do he meet? What time did he wake up?

Week 11

Class 2,20 March 2014

Lecture Notes:

1.    Revolts against an oppressive Paris government under the Jacobins began sprouting  up all over from many different sources

2.  An army of 340-40,000 called the Vendean Army, made of peasants, was a serious threat until finally crushed by the Paris army, although afterwards a GUERRILLA campaign kept going for years against the Paris government.

3.  Who were the Counter-Revolutionaries?

-Nobles

 :”Citizen Nobles” who supported the revolution

 :”Emigres” who had left France and lived abroad(many in Germany) trying to persuade other goverments to invade France and help restore the nobility.

•      4. Who were the Counter-Revolutionaries?

–    Middle Classes

•      Most revolutionary Deputies were from the middle classes. As the revolution became more radical, views began to change.

–    Peasants

•      Many peasants had great hopes in 1789. The Feudal System had been destroyed. Church land was being sold off, but mostly at auction to the middle classes. The peasants were no better off than before, and in many cases much worse.

5.The Creation of a New Political Order In the period between August 1789 and September 1790, the National Assembly reorganized French society

Week 12

Class 1, 1 April 2014

Lecture Notes:

1. After the Terror ended in 1794, the Jacobins and their supporters the Sans Cullotes were slowly edged out of power.

2. No government was able to be formed by 1799, and France was in crisis.

3. The government had high debt.

4. Severe food shortages

5. Left wing: Republicans (socialists), Right wing: royalists

6. French armies had been badly defeated in wars with Italy, morale was low.

7. In Paris, left-wing (republicans) and right-wing (royalists) were unhappy with the government.

8. Throughout history, when people are unhappy, things are ripe for revolution

9. Many times in history, the military might also try to take over a government by force of arms in order to take power.

10. In 1792, Robespierre himself warned about “put yourself on guard against your generals.”

11. In August 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was one of France’s young military leaders and currently at war with his troops in Egypt

12. He was called by some politicians to launch a “Coup d’Etat”.

13. On November 11, 1799, he seized power

14. As long as they will pretend to become the royal of the revolution

Week 12

Class 2, 4 April

Lecture Notes:

1. Napoleon ruled the France for 15 Years

2. No revolutionary government had ever lasted longer than 2 years

3. People were tired of political instability and welcomed a strong leader

4. To stay in power, Napoleon needed to fix Frances problem

5. Napoleon sought a clear division  or distinction between himself and the revolution, declaring that the revolution itself was finished, and that a new order had begun in France

6. He concertrated

7. Napoleon also had summary trials and executions to remove threats to his authority and the school children were forced to the memorize

8. Who ruled the France, King Louis  has absolute power, no single rule, can’t be removed

9. Who can vote, no elections, all men can vote, all men can vote

10. Who make the laws, the king makes the laws

11. People can be charged put it to prison without being charged, people cannot be charged put to prison without being charged

Week 13

Class 1, 8 April 2014

Lecture Notes:

1. Napoleon was determined that many good ideas of the revolution could be made to work properly.

2. He created as functioning civil service… well-trained government officials who could run the country smoothly.. One of his greatest achievements.

    3. IN the departments, he placed “deputies” by “prefects”, appointed by him instead of elections.

    4. The otocretit selfgovernment

    5. Mayors were no longer elected but appointed by him.

    6. The revolution made many new laws which existed alongside traditional ones

7. Napoleon set up a committee which simplified the law system. It was called the “CODE NAPOLEON” and stands as the basis of French law today.

8. Laissez : is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from government restrictions

9. Napoleon believed in making clearly defined areas of authority in controlling key aspects of life.

10. The job of the leader is to duplicate from one to another.. That is the job of the leadership

11. A widespread police system, censored and closed newspapers, started an official newspaper giving the “official” views on things.

12. Put spin on things to make it good in the government: Propoganda

13. He had people arrested that he thought were dangerous, without being charged of any crime.

14. Over 2,500 people were imprisoned without trial for political offenses

15. Napoleon set up a centralized education system and an exam called the “baccalauréate”.

16. He established new schools called the “lycées” to train the élite he needed to run France.

17. He was far more concerned about men than women

18. Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope- the “Concordat of 1802”

19. Other branches of Christianity were allowed

20. Middle class people that had bought church land no longer feared of losing it.

21. Clergy were appointed and salaried by the government.

Week 13

Class 2, 10 April 2014

Lecture Note:

1. By 1799, France was at the point of collapse, and had been soundly beaten by her enemies.

    2. By 1810, Napoleon had made France the most important country of Europe: not since the Roman Empire and one  country controlled as much territory.

    3. In 1811, Napoleon was convinced that Europe must for a single market, a single currency and a single code of law… a single nation.

4. Napoleon was a general (soldier), he studies history

5. In 1811, Napoleon was convinced that Europe must for a single market, a single currency and a single code of law… a single nation. (reflect : European Union.. ?)

    6. In 1807, Napoleon wrote of his desire to do away with “serfdom” and make true equality for all.

    7. In 1810, Napoleon wrote to the Viceroy of Italy explaining why he must limit Italian imports to France in favor of French merchants.

     8. The Continental System: a first common market. This was Napoleon’s attempt to control the economy of Europe, and thereby damage Britain

     9. Although France had lost its sea war with Britain, he thought he could destroy the British economy instead (a different battlefield).

     10. Decrees in 1806-1808 forbade European trade with Britain or its colonies.

     11. Defeated countries were forced to supply their raw materials and resources to France and buy manufactured goods from France in return.

    

Week 14

Class 1, 15 April 2014

Lecture Notes:

1. Arsenic

2. By 1810, Napoleon had conquered almost all of Europe, but by 1815 France’s Empire had lost almost all of its territorial gains and Napoleon had been defeated and exiled

3. 3 events need to be studied:

–    Battle of Trafalgar

–    Peninsular War in Spain

–    Invasion of Russia

4. 21 October 1805, the British Navy under Admiral Nelson defeated the combined French and Spanish Navies near Cape Trafalgar, off the coast of south-west Spain.

5. France had been at war with Britain for a long time, and the French Navy had been beaten before under Napoleon by the British(During the Middle Eastern Campaign- Battle of the Nile 1798).

6. Napotism, collution and corruption

7. This Battle confirmed the superiority of the British Navy and forced Napoleon to depend on land battles.

8. The invasion of Britain was postponed and the French army redirected to attack Austria.

9. Napoleon used the excuse of a quarrel with the Spanish royal family to send in his brother Joseph to take over Spain and become King, but he was never able to fully control Spain.

10. The “Spanish Ulcer”.

11. The British sent in troops to help the resistance effort. By 1814, the French had been driven out.

12. Napoleon leadership abilities is the always rule the troops

13. He is always the man incharge

14. He always be the outsider                     

Week 14

Class 2, 16 April 2014

Lecture Notes:

1.    The Spanish used Guerilla warfare against the French